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Science and Technology/Engineering > Grade High School > Earth and Space Sciences
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Science and Technology/Engineering | Grade : High School

Discipline - Earth and Space Sciences

Core Idea - Earth's Place in the Universe

[HS.ESS.1.2] - Describe the astronomical evidence for the Big Bang theory, including the red shift of light from the motion of distant galaxies as an indication that the universe is currently expanding, the cosmic microwave background as the remnant radiation from the Big Bang, and the observed composition of ordinary matter of the universe, primarily found in stars and interstellar gases, which matches that predicted by the Big Bang theory (3/4 hydrogen and 1/4 helium).

Resources:

Predecessor Standards:

  • 8.EE.A.4
    Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology.
  • 6.ESS.1.5
    Use graphical displays to illustrate that Earth and its solar system are one of many in the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of billions of galaxies in the universe. Clarification Statement: Graphical displays can include maps, charts, graphs, and data tables.

Successor Standards:

No Successor Standards found.

Same Level Standards:

  • RCA-ST.9-10.1
    Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions.
  • AI.N-Q.A.2
    Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.*
  • HS.ESS.1.1
    Use informational text to explain that the life span of the Sun over approximately 10 billion years is a function of nuclear fusion in its core. Communicate that stars, through nuclear fusion over their life cycle, produce elements from helium to iron and release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation. State Assessment Boundary: Specific stages of the life of a star, details of the many different nucleosynthesis pathways for stars of differing masses, or calculations of energy released are not expected in state assessment.
  • HS.ESS.1.4
    Use Kepler’s laws to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system. Describe how orbits may change due to the gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other objects in the solar system. Clarification Statements: Kepler’s laws apply to human-made satellites as well as planets, moons, and other objects. Calculations involving Kepler’s laws of orbital motions should not deal with more than two bodies, nor involve calculus.
  • HS.PHY.4.1
    Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling within various media. Recognize that electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space (without a medium) as compared to mechanical waves that require a medium. Clarification Statements: Emphasis is on relationships when waves travel within a medium, and comparisons when a wave travels in different media. Examples of situations to consider could include electromagnetic radiation traveling in a vacuum and glass, sound waves traveling through air and water, and seismic waves traveling through the Earth. Relationships include v = λf, T = 1/f, and the qualitative comparison of the speed of a transverse (including electromagnetic) or longitudinal mechanical wave in a solid, liquid, gas, or vacuum. State Assessment Boundary: Transitions between two media are not expected in state assessment.