Standards Map

Science and Technology/Engineering > Grade 8 > Earth and Space Sciences
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Science and Technology/Engineering | Grade : 8

Discipline - Earth and Space Sciences

Core Idea - Earth's Place in the Universe

[8.ESS.1.2] - Explain the role of gravity in ocean tides, the orbital motions of planets, their moons, and asteroids in the solar system. State Assessment Boundary: Kepler’s laws of orbital motion or the apparent retrograde motion of the planets as viewed from Earth are not expected in state assessment.

Resources:

Predecessor Standards:

  • 6.ESS.1.1
    Develop and use a model of the Earth-Sun-Moon system to explain the causes of lunar phases and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Clarification Statement: Examples of models can be physical, graphical, or conceptual and should emphasize relative positions and distances.
  • 6.PS.2.4
    Use evidence to support the claim that gravitational forces between objects are attractive and are only noticeable when one or both of the objects have a very large mass. Clarification Statement: Examples of objects with very large masses include the Sun, Earth, and other planets. State Assessment Boundary: Newton’s law of gravitation or Kepler’s laws are not expected in state assessment.

Successor Standards:

  • HS.ESS.1.4
    Use Kepler’s laws to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system. Describe how orbits may change due to the gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other objects in the solar system. Clarification Statements: Kepler’s laws apply to human-made satellites as well as planets, moons, and other objects. Calculations involving Kepler’s laws of orbital motions should not deal with more than two bodies, nor involve calculus.

Same Level Standards:

  • WCA.6-8.9
    Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, interpretation, reflection, and research. (See grades 6-8 Reading Standard 1 for more on the use of textual evidence.)
  • SLCA.6-8.4
    Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate vocabulary, eye contact, volume, and pronunciation.
  • 8.F.B.5
    Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (e.g., where the function is increasing or decreasing, linear or nonlinear). Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function that has been described verbally.
  • 8.PS.2.2
    Provide evidence that the change in an object’s speed depends on the sum of the forces on the object (the net force) and the mass of the object. Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on balanced (Newton’s first law) and unbalanced forces in a system, qualitative comparisons of forces, mass, and changes in speed (Newton’s second law) in one dimension. State Assessment Boundaries: State assessment will be limited to forces and changes in motion in one dimension in an inertial reference frame and to change in one variable at a time. The use of trigonometry is not expected in state assessment.