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Science and Technology/Engineering | Grade : 7
Discipline - Earth and Space Sciences
Core Idea - Earth's Systems
[7.ESS.2.4] - Develop a model to explain how the energy of the Sun and Earth’s gravity drive the cycling of water, including changes of state, as it moves through multiple pathways in Earth’s hydrosphere. Clarification Statement: Examples of models can be conceptual or physical. State Assessment Boundary: A quantitative understanding of the latent heats of vaporization and fusion is not expected in state assessment.
[WCA.6-8.7] -
Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration.
[4.PS.3.2] -
Make observations to show that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.
Clarification Statement: Evidence of energy being transferred can include vibrations felt a small distance from a source, a solar-powered toy that moves when placed in direct light, warming a metal object on one end and observing the other end getting warm, and a wire carrying electric energy from a battery to light a bulb. State Assessment Boundary: Quantitative measurements of energy are not expected in state assessment.
[5.ESS.2.1] -
Use a model to describe the cycling of water through a watershed through evaporation, precipitation, absorption, surface runoff, and condensation.
State Assessment Boundary: Transpiration or explanations of mechanisms that drive the cycle are not expected in state assessment.
[5.PS.1.1] -
Use a particle model of matter to explain common phenomena involving gases, and phase changes between gas and liquid and between liquid and solid. Clarification Statement: Examples of common phenomena the model should be able to describe include adding air to expand a balloon, compressing air in a syringe, and evaporating water from a salt water solution. State Assessment Boundary: Atomic-scale mechanisms of evaporation and condensation or defining unseen particles are not expected in state assessment.
[5.PS.2.1] -
Support an argument with evidence that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed toward Earth’s center.
State Assessment Boundary: Mathematical representations of gravitational force are not expected in state assessment.
[6.PS.2.4] -
Use evidence to support the claim that gravitational forces between objects are attractive and are only noticeable when one or both of the objects have a very large mass. Clarification Statement: Examples of objects with very large masses include the Sun, Earth, and other planets.
State Assessment Boundary: Newton’s law of gravitation or Kepler’s laws are not expected in state assessment.
[8.ESS.2.5] -
Interpret basic weather data to identify patterns in air mass interactions and the relationship of those patterns to local weather.
Clarification Statements: Data includes temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind. Examples of patterns can include air masses flow from regions of high pressure to low pressure, and how sudden changes in weather can result when different air masses collide. Data can be provided to students (such as in weather maps, data tables, diagrams, or visualizations) or obtained through field observations or laboratory experiments. State Assessment Boundary: Specific names of cloud types or weather symbols used on weather maps are not expected in state assessment.
[HS.ESS.2.5] -
Describe how the chemical and physical properties of water are important in mechanical and chemical mechanisms that affect Earth materials and surface processes. Clarification Statements: Examples of mechanical mechanisms involving water include stream transportation and deposition, erosion using variations in soil moisture content, and frost wedging by the expansion of water as it freezes. Examples of chemical mechanisms involving water include chemical weathering and recrystallization (based on solubility of different materials) and melt generation (based on water lowering the melting temperature of most solids).