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Mathematics > Grade 3 > Operations and Algebraic Thinking
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Mathematics | Grade : 3

Domain - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Cluster - Multiply and divide within 100.

[3.OA.C.7] - Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that 8 x 5 = 40, one knows 40 ÷ 5 = 8) or properties of operations. By the end of grade 3, know from memory all products of two single-digit numbers and related division facts. For example, the product 4 x 7 = 28 has related division facts 28 ÷ 7 = 4 and 28 ÷ 4 = 7.

Resources:


  • Fluency
    Fluency in the grades 1–6 standards is the ability to carry out calculations and apply numerical algorithms quickly and accurately. Fluency in each grade involves a mixture of knowing some answers from memory (instant recall), knowing some answers from patterns (e.g., “adding 0 yields the same number”), and knowing some answers from the use of other strategies. The development of fluency follows a specific progression in these grades that begins with conceptual understanding and eventually requires students to “know from memory their math facts,” use various strategies to arrive at answers, and develop proficiency using the standard algorithm for each operation. (See standards 1.OA.B.3, 2.OA.B.2, 3.OA.B.5, 3.OA.C.7 and 3.NBT.A.2, 4.NBT.B.4, 5.NBT.B.5, 6.NS.B.2 and 6.NS.B.3.)
  • Know from Memory
    To instantly recall single-digit math facts to use when needed. Note: In the early grades, students develop number sense and fluency in operations. Students are expected to commit single digit math facts to memory by the end of: a) grade 2 for addition and related subtraction facts (see standard 2.OA.B.2); and b) grade 3 for multiplication and related division facts (see standard 3.OA.C.7).
  • Multiplication and division within 100
    Multiplication or division of two whole numbers with whole number answers, and with product or dividend in the range 0–100. Example: 72 ÷ 8 = 9.
  • Properties of operations
  • Standard Algorithms for Multiplication and Division

Predecessor Standards:

No Predecessor Standards found.

Successor Standards:

  • 4.OA.B.4
    Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is prime or composite.
  • 4.NBT.B.5
    Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
  • 4.NBT.B.6
    Find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and one-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
  • 4.MD.A.1
    Know relative sizes of measurement units within one system of units including km, m, cm; kg, g; lb, oz.; l, ml; hr, min, sec. Within a single system of measurement, express measurements in a larger unit in terms of a smaller unit. Record measurement equivalents in a two-column table. For example, know that 1 ft is 12 times as long as 1 in. Express the length of a 4 ft snake as 48 in. Generate a conversion table for feet and inches listing the number pairs (1, 12), (2, 24), (3, 36), …

Same Level Standards:

  • 3.OA.A.4
    Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 x ? = 48, 5 = ? ÷ 3, 6 x 6 = ?. 

  • 3.OA.B.5
    Apply properties of operations to multiply. For example: When multiplying numbers order does not matter. If 6 x 4 = 24 is known, then 4 x 6 = 24 is also known (Commutative property of multiplication); The product 3 x 5 x 2 can be found by 3 x 5 = 15 then 15 x 2 = 30, or by 5 x 2 = 10 then 3 x 10 = 30 (Associative property of multiplication); When multiplying two numbers either number can be decomposed and multiplied; one can find 8 x 7 by knowing that 7 = 5 + 2 and that 8 x 5 = 40 and 8 x 2 = 16, resulting in 8 x (5 + 2) = (8 x 5) + (8 x 2) = 40 + 16 = 56 (Distributive property); When a number is multiplied by 1 the result is the same number (Identity property of 1 for multiplication). [Note: Students need not use formal terms for these properties. Students are not expected to use distributive notation]
  • 3.OA.B.6
    Understand division as an unknown-factor problem. For example, find 32 ÷ 8 by finding the number that makes 32 when multiplied by 8.
  • 3.OA.D.8
    Solve two-step word problems using the four operations for problems posed with whole numbers and having whole number answers. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies, including rounding. [Note: Students should know how to perform operations in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations)]