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English Language Arts and Literacy > Grade 9-10 > Writing
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English Language Arts and Literacy | Grade : 9-10

Strand - Writing

Cluster - Text Types and Purposes

[W.9-10.1] - Write arguments (e.g., essays, letters to the editor, advocacy speeches) to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Resources:


  • Analysis (Analyze)
    In general, a careful examination of the parts of a whole and their relationships to one another; in language arts, a study of how words, sentences, paragraphs, stanzas, or sections of a text affect its meaning.
  • Argument
    Is intended to convince by establishing truth. Most argumentation begins with a claim, then provides supporting logical and/or empirical evidence. Arguments may also include the anticipation and rebuttal of opposing views (counterclaims). (Note that in elementary school, the standards ask that students write opinions, rather than arguments. Opinions define and defend a belief, position, or preference with reasons.)
  • Claim
    Statement taking a position on what is true, usually one with which reasonable people might disagree. See Argument in Text Types and Purposes, Evidence, Thesis.
  • Evidence
    Empirical data or other sources of support (e.g., mathematical proofs) for a claim; may be selected, presented, and evaluated differently by different audiences and in different subject areas according to the norms of disciplinary literacy. See Text Types and Purposes for Argument.
  • Reading Closely to Analyze Complex Texts in the Secondary Grades

Predecessor Standards:

  • W.8.1
    Write arguments (e.g., essays, letters to the editor, advocacy speeches) to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Successor Standards:

  • W.11-12.1
    Write arguments (e.g., essays, letters to the editor, advocacy speeches) to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Same Level Standards:

  • W.9-10.4
    Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in Writing Standards 1-3.)