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English Language Arts and Literacy | Grade : 9-10
Strand - Reading Informational Text
Cluster - Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
[RI.9-10.8] - Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements or incomplete truths and fallacious reasoning.
- Argument
Is intended to convince by establishing truth. Most argumentation begins with a claim, then provides supporting logical and/or empirical evidence. Arguments may also include the anticipation and rebuttal of opposing views (counterclaims). (Note that in elementary school, the standards ask that students write opinions, rather than arguments. Opinions define and defend a belief, position, or preference with reasons.) - Claim
Statement taking a position on what is true, usually one with which reasonable people might disagree. See Argument in Text Types and Purposes, Evidence, Thesis. - Evaluate
Judge or determine the significance, worth, or quality of something. See Assess - Massachusetts Anchor Standards for Reading
[RI.8.8] -
Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced.
[RI.11-12.8] -
Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal historical texts, including the application of constitutional principles and use of legal reasoning (e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and dissents) and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy (e.g., The Federalist, presidential addresses).